Electronic power steering system for vehicle : construction and working
The electronic power steering system is an advance and modern automotive technology for all types of vehicle. The other name of the electronic power steering system is electronic control assistance. This system increase Comfort for the driver and also give the quick action and accurate work output.
electronic power steering system
The electronic power steering system is better than hydraulic power steering system because of this system controlled by ECU (electronic control unit). There is less power required to turn the vehicle as compared the hydraulic power steering system.
Requirements of electronic power steering system:-
There are many requirements to use the electronic power steering system into the vehicle which are mention below-
1. For saving engine power.
2. For easy operation of steering.
3. Quick operation.
4. Responsible operation.
5. Need to adjustable system.
Working parts and construction of electronic power steering system:-
Thee are many parts works together in this system as follow-
1. Steering wheel:-
The steering wheel connected to steering gearbox by the steering shaft and helps to turn the vehicle right or left.
2. Steering angle sensor:-
This sensor fitted with steering and connected to the ECU with the help of electrical wire. This sensor ditect the position of the steering and sends signals to the ECU.
3. Steering torque sensor:-
This sensor is also fitted with steering and connected with the ECU with the help of electric wire. This sensor sends signals of twisting angle position of the steering to the ECU.
electronic power steering system
4. Vehicle speed sensor:-
This sensor is fitted inside the speedometer gauge and connected to the ECU with the help of an electric wire. This sensor is sense the speed of the vehicle and sends signals to the ECU.
5. Electronic control unit (ECU) :-
The electronic control unit is an programmable computer device, which control the all function of the vehicle. It is programmed to control the actuating mechanism according to received signals by the sensors. Into the steering system the ECU control the electric motor of the steering system. This programming of the ECU would be change anytime if you want.
6. Electric motor:-
The electric motor is controlled and operated by ECU and gives movement to the steering gearbox.
7. Steering gearbox:-
After receiving the movement from the electric motor the steering gearbox transmit the same movement to the rack and pinion.
8. Rack and pinion:-
The rack and pinion transmit the incoming movement from the steering gearbox to the both left or right side tie rod. From the tie rod the movement transmit to the wheel through arab axle and steering arms. Finally wheel take a turn according to the steering wheel.
Working of electronic power steering system:-
As soon as driver rotate the steering wheel, so the steering shaft is also rotate along with the steering wheel. And steering angle sensor sense the turning angle of the steering and steering torque sensor sense the twisting force of the steering anda sends signals to the ECU.
The vehicle speed sensor sense the speed of the vehicle and sends signals to the ECU. Now ECU calculate according to receiving all signals and give instructions or operate the electric motor.
The electric motor is always remain connected with the steering gearbox and steering gearbox connected to the rack ands pinion, so the rack and pinion is also move in the direction of the steering wheel. In resulting the vehicle take a turn easily.
Advantages of electronic power steering system:-
1. Changeable programming it have so we might change any time as per our requirement.
2. Power consumption less.
3. Save the engine power.
4. Capable for manual working after electronic system failure.
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